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Posts tagged with "Rosberg"

Mercedes and Schumacher

I've had a fortnight of not really wanting to blog for some reason. I promised mageshmagi this blog entry on Mercedes and Schumacher's underperformances before I went on unintended hiatus.

 

First of all, it was always going to be difficult for Mercedes to match its precedescor's antics. Brawn managed to win the one driver's and constructor's title it entered with considerable aplomb. Nonetheless, it had to do so with an unusual resource distribution. When the car was designed in mid-2008, money was practically falling from the sky, but by the time it hit the track the primary funding source (Honda) had reduced dramatically. It funded the season's running costs (albeit only for a much smaller operation than the one it had been when the team was called Honda), but did not fund  the creation of the 2010 challenger. Therefore the 2010 car was hamstrung by a serious lack of funds.

 

Then Ross Brawn made an intelligent move. By hiring Nico Rosberg, he gained a driver who is intelligent and ready to take a step up from his previous team - the plucky but gracefully-declining Williams. He'd been team leader there for two seasons and proved to be a good team leader for Mercedes.

 

That wasn't the plan. The plan had been for Rosberg to ably back up a seven-time world champion who would break all records and be a legendary touchstone for all at Mercedes - Michael Schumacher. He was duly hired, to the astonishment of most of the F1 community. He said the right things (though I was somewhat worried that how he said them didn't match how he'd said them before) and testing wasn't terrible for him.

 

Just as well it wasn't terrible for him because it was quite clear that the Mercedes W01 had suffered for its lack of development funding.  It wasn't a dominating influence or even on the pace of the likes of Red Bull. This was going to be a tough season. The engine was beautifully fast but the chassis didn't respond well to its tyres. Michael and Nico (along with Felipe Massa at Ferrari) frequently noted that the front tyres did not support their driving styles, which tend to involve quite hard braking.

 

Jenson Button and Rubens Barrichello, who'd been at Brawn in 2009, both have much gentler braking styles and would have suited the Mercedes W01 better. However, neither of them were options for Mercedes. Jenson wanted a fresh challenge and Rubens had been harbouring a desire to race for Williams for quite a while. Still, without a hard-braking driver to ask for tips during development, it is easy to see why this significant flaw appeared in Mercedes' first car.

 

What is more difficult to understand is why the 2011 car met a similar fate. After all, Felipe's 2011 Ferrari is much more to his liking. There was a major reshuffle in the factory staff towards the end of 2010, which delayed completion of the W02. There was also a decision made to start with a basic car and upgrade it a lot as soon as possible, even though that didn't really work for them in 2010 either. An upgrade can fix many things but not a fundamental weakness in the car.

 

Due to that philosophy, we may see considerable improvement across the season. Upgrades can fix minor problems. Even though the problems with the Mercedes' tendency to consume tyres rapidly do not constitute "minor", things can be done to reduce that flaw and fix less noticeable difficulties such as a lack of downforce compared to Ferrari and Red Bull. The engine's still strong (unsurprising due to engine sorbet regulations) but it's not enough.

 

Michael Schumacher does not seem to have adapted to being in an imperfect car very well. He tends to make more mistakes in that situation than we were accustomed to seeing in his previous time in F1. Hence he tends to hit cars instead of passing them, impairing his performances in an already non-optimised car. He's also started to show tendencies towards crumbling in whichever qualifying session is his last one in a given day. This is the very effect he used to trigger in other people back in 2006. It's the sign of a driver that, for all his determination, diligence and innate skill, has gone from the hunted to the hunter - and vastly preferred being the hunted.

 

If Michael ever wants to see a podium again, let alone a win, he needs to re-assume the mentality of the hunted - the one who leads and is forever trying to escape, willing to experiment to improve but ever holding their nerve while doing so. Perhaps Mercedes may benefit from a little of that too, but mostly it just needs to put more emphasis on getting the car right the first time.

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GP2 Primer for Silverstone Viewers

Warning! Very long entry alert!

This is the first of a four-part series about the support races for the British Grand Prix. I thought that those people who are going to watch it from the circuit itself might be interested in some further detail about what, other than the F1, is happening.

The main support event for F1 in Silverstone is GP2. It's in its fifth season of competition and is the successor to Formula 2 (as distinct from Formula Two). Everyone uses a Dallara chassis with a Renault engine and Bridgestone tyres.

Of the 11 drivers who left GP2 during 2008, a diverse number of destination series can be seen:

- 3 went to F2
- 1 went to F1
- 1 went to Le Mans
- 1 went to DTM
- 1 went to Indycars
- 1 went to World Series by Renault
- 1 went to Superleague Formula
- 1 went to A1GP
- 1 went to the Renault Megané Supercup

Note that Giorgio Pantano left to do both the Renault Megané Supercup and Superleague. Marko Asmer's destination after leaving GP2 last year is unknown.

The reigning champion, Giorgio Pantano, will not be present. The highest-finishing 2008 driver to be racing at Silverstone will be Lucas di Grassi, who finished third last year. However, we will get to see Makes' Champion Campos Racing compete, albeit under the name of Barwa Addax and minus its founder Adrian Campos (who is F1-bound).

There are a maximum of 20 points on offer per weekend.

Pole for the feature race is worth 2 points.

The results for the feature race yield the same points pattern as F1, with a 10-8-6-5-4-3-2-1 system.

The sprint race has a 6-5-4-3-2-1 system.

Both races give out 1 point for fastest lap, but it is necessary to finish in the top 10 and start from the grid slot earned in qualifying to be eligible.

Barwa Addax Team (neé Campos Racing)
Current 2009 position: 1st
Team colours: Predominantly white, with red writing on the rear wing

They are the runaway leaders of the GP2 championship, despite losing their leader Adrian Campos to a F1 project at the end of last year. It's won four times in six races, making it almost as dominant in GP2 as Brawn are in F1.

1 Vitaly Petrov (Russia)
Current 2009 position: 1st
Helmet colours: White base with red top and go-faster stripes

Vitaly has won the Turkey feature race. However, the most striking thing about his performance has been his three lesser-positioned podiums - second in the other two feature races and third in the Turkey sprint race. Expect him to feature prominently at Silverstone.

2 Romain Grosjean (France)
2008: (GP2; ART Grand Prix)
Current 2009 position: 2nd
Helmet colours: Red and blue with a flourescent yellow arrow on the side - think a brighter version of Montoya's helmet

Initially very strong, winning the first two feature races. However, Romain has been less consistent than his team-mate, which is why he's not leading the championship. May not get to complete season anyway because he is first in line to replace Nelson Piquet Jr. if he gets sacked.

iSport International
Current 2009 position: 10th
Team colours: Red and black

iSport was considering F1 earlier in the season, which may have taken its eye off the GP2 ball. It's not entirely clear how, other than a mass clear-out, it will solve the difficulties it is currently in.

3 Giedo van der Garde (Netherlands)
2008: World Series by Renault
Current 2009 position: 13th
Helmet colours: White base with red and blue triangles on the side

Giedo has been hovering around this level of racing for a long time, probably because he's found his level. He didn't compete in the Monaco feature race, which may have broken his stride - he scored in both Spanish races but not thereafter.

4 Diego Nunes (Brazil)
2008: (GP2, DPR)
Current 2009 position: =16th (no points)
Helmet pattern: Yellow base, with red go-faster stripes on the sides (a bit like Tiago Monteiro's helmet)

A surprising underperformance. Mostly Diego has been found in 11th place, only breaking this pattern to have one DNF, an 8th (in the Spain sprint) and a 14th.

Piquet GP
Current 2009 position: 9th

The team that launched Nelson Piquet Jr.'s career is currently a fairly anonymous outfit. Fortunately it has Valerio on board to propel it into points-paying position, so this season may get going for Piquet GP yet.

5 Roldán Rodríguez (Spain)
2008: (GP2; FMS)
Current 2009 position: =16th (no points)

More was expected from Roldán. Granted, his two previous years in GP2 hadn't been stellar, but he had usually brought the car home. Besides, he'd come third in the Asia series for Piquet Sports. How he's ended up with four DNFs and a best finish of 11th is one of the biggest mysteries of the series.

6 Alberto Valerio (Brazil)
2008: (GP2; Durango)
Current 2009 position: 12th

Got 4th and 6th in Turkey, came in low positions in Spain, didn't finish either Monaco race. The thing most striking about Alberto's performance is that both races in a given weekend tend to be of similar quality. Could therefore be a serious threat if Silverstone is a good weekend for him.

Fat Burner Racing Engineering (neé Racing Engineering)[5]
Current 2009 position: 5th
Team colours: Dark blue with red nosecone section

Last year's driver's champion drove for this team, but with its lead driver struggling to get into his stride, the most tongue-twistingly-named squad in the GP2 paddock has not done as well as it might have expected.

7 Lucas Di Grassi (Brazil)
2008: 3rd (GP2, Campos Racing)
Current 2009 position: 6th
Helmet colours: White base with black cog-like shape on top and black vertical stripes

Considering di Grassi helped develop the car currently raced in GP2, it is surprising he has struggled so much in the past two seasons. Nonetheless, he has won a race (the Turkey sprint), so it would be foolish to discount him.

8 Dani Clos (Spain)
2008: F3 Euroseries
Current 2009 position: =16th (no points)

This newcomer to GP2 has done two tests with Williams. Three DNFs contrast with seventh place in the Turkey sprint - which yielded no points as it would have done had it been a feature race. The signs are that Dani is finding his feet.

ART Grand Prix
Current 2009 position: 2nd
Team colours: Mostly white, with a black rear wing and red flashes

The team that carried Nico Rosberg and Lewis Hamilton to GP2 championship glory is having a tougher time of late. Even so, it has won a race.

9 Pastor Maldonado (Venuzuela)
2008: (GP2; Piquet Sports)
Current 2009 position: 4th

Winner of the Monaco sprint race. Otherwise generally seen in the lower points-paying positions.

10 Nicolas "Nico" Hülkenberg (Germany)
2008: F3 Euroseries
Current 2009 position: 5th
Helmet colours: White base with black top and red sides

This may well be the first time Williams tester "Nico" Hulkenburg has met his match. He finished behind Pastor in all of the first four races (though this included a podium in the Monaco sprint). In Turkey, he finished a position ahead of Pastor, so perhaps he can turn it around. There could be a Williams F1 drive waiting in 2010 if he does, especially since he is currently the best-performing newcomer to GP2...

Telmex Arden International[10]
Current 2009 position: 6th
Team colours: More than a little reminiscent of Red Bull's

Arden used to be a powerhouse of F3000. Now it is well in the midfield, though it is steadily improving its performances. Even if it is something of a one-car team this year.

11 Sergio Pérez (Mexico)
2008: British F3
Current 2009 position: =16th (no points)
Helmet colours: White base with red top and flashes

The 2007 winner of the National Class of British F3 has had a difficult promotion to GP2 this year. His best result was 9th in the Monaco sprint, but he does have the merit of usually bringing the car home.

12 Edoardo Mortara (Italy)
2008: F3 Euroseries
Current 2009 position: 8th
Helmet colours: Mostly red

Won the Spanish sprint race, but his other finishes are 6th, 9th and 13th. Still, he's the second-highest-performing newcomer after Hulkenburg, which should do his reputation some good.

Super Nova Racing
Current 2009 position: 4th
Team colours: Black with yellow flashes

Last year, there were some doubts about the team's funding. However, it has recovered well and is now well in the mix for "best of the rest".

14 Luca Filippi (Italy)
2008: (GP2; Arden)
Current 2009 position: 7th
Helmet colours: White base with angular blue horizontal stripes on top and red back

Luca's performance this year has been peak-and-valley, ranging from second in the Turkey feature race to two DNFs. He didn't compete in the Monaco sprint either.

15 Javier Villa (Spain)
2008: (GP2; Racing Engineering)
Current 2009 position: 10th
Helmet colours: White with blue top and sides and red trim

Javier didn't really get into his stride until Turkey, when he got 7th and 2nd. Otherwise tends to hover just outside the points.

DAMS
Current 2009 position: 3rd
Team colours: Black with red flashes

The team that nearly entered F1 in 1996 is currently a GP2 stalwart - and arguably the surprise of the season. Currently third in the championship.

16 Jérôme d'Ambrosio (Belgium)
Current 2009 position: 3rd
Helmet colours: White with red flashes

Impressively, Jérome managed to be third in both of the Spanish races. He went even better in the Monaco sprint to come second. However, a DNF and a 15th in Turkey means that his position in the championship is perhaps lower than his general performance this year suggests.

17 Kamui Kobayashi (Japan)
Current 2009 position: 14th
Helmet colours: Mostly red with black diagonal stripes on the sides

To be fair, Kamui's speed is better than his current position suggests. He's scored points in both Spanish races, but is this low in the standings because he missed the Turkey sprint and only has one other finish. Still, Jérôme's performance has probably stemmed his continued rise through the Toyota driver development scheme.

Trident Racing
Current 2009 position: 12th

Trident is having a difficult time of it, not helped by a questionable choice of drivers. Such is the peril of GP2 - sometimes a big budget gets a place before a big talent out of sheer team necessity.

18 Ricardo Teixeira (Portugal)
2008: British F3
Current 2009 position: =16th (no points)

File under "oh dear". His best performance was 14th in the Turkey feature and he's the only driver to not qualify for a race due to lapping more than 107% off the pole time. In Ricardo's case, it was both of the Monaco races. The dubious honour was last held by Christian Bakkerud in 2007.

19 Davide Rigon (Italy)
2008: Superleague Formula
Current 2009 position: =16th (no points)

Davide has beaten his team-mate and not made a complete fool of himself. It is difficult to say whether the lack of points is more due to him or his team.

Fisichella Motor Sport
Current 2009 position: 7th
Team colours: Black and silver

FMS appears to be headed for another turbulent year where it somehow finds itself in the midfield despite that turbulence. This year, Zuber has looked reasonable though inconsistent, but Razia looks in line for the annual mid-season clearout.

20 Andreas Zuber (UAE)
2008: (GP2; Piquet Sports)
Current 2009 position: 9th

After not finishing either Spanish race, Andreas thrived at Monaco, securing a 3rd and a 5th. However, a 9th and 19th in Turkey suggests that he is not an especially consistent performer.

21 Luiz Razia (Brazil)
2008: Euroseries 3000
Current 2009 position: =16th (no points)

Luiz has tended to hover near the back this year, having struggled with the transition from Euroseries 3000.

Durango
Current 2009 position: 8th
Team colours: Black and white

Tends to quietly keep to itself near the back of the midfield.

22 Davide Valsecchi (Italy)
Current 2009 position: 11th
Helmet colours: Dark red with black detail

Owes his position in the championship to getting third in the Turkey sprint. He's only finished three of the six races though, so expect some flying carbon fibre from him at some point during the weekend.


23 Nelson Panciatici (France)
2008: Spanish F3
Current 2009 position: =16th (no points)

Nelson has had problems finishing races (with three DNFs), but his good days haven't been quite as good as for his team-mate Valsecchi.

Ocean Racing Technology
Current 2009 position: 11th
Team colours: Turquoise and black

The most striking thing about this team this year has been its livery. It was going to have Yelmeer Burman as a driver until the last minute. The instability this implies is probably the reason for its struggle.

24 Karun Chandhok (India)
2008: (GP2; iSport)
Current championship position: 15th
Helmet colours: Orange, yellow and black

Three DNFs, one 7th. Karun can be an exciting performer, but not necessarily the most consistent one.

25 Álvaro Parente (Portugal)
2008: (GP2; Super Nova)
Current 2009 position: =16th (no points)


Won the World Series by Renault in 2007, but I'm fairly sure it wasn't by getting the string of DNFs he's produced so far this year. To be honest, his Spanish GT championship campaign is currently going better.

DPR
Current 2009 position: =16th (no points)

DPR has had a rough winter, leading to it being bought out by Michael Herck's father on the eve of the season opener. It is perhaps unsurprising that it hasn't got back onto its feet yet following such turmoil.

26 Michael Herck (Romania)
Current 2009 position: =16th (no points)
Helmet design: White with dark blue top and streaks

DPR has been a difficult team to drive for in 2009. Michael's dad owns the team two months ago. To his credit, Michael has performed marginally better than his team-mate, but it's difficult to assess the quality of either under the current circumstances.

27 Giacomo Ricci (Italy)
Current 2009 position: =16th (no points)

Four retirements and two finishes near the back, but what can be expected in a team that's had bigger things to worry about this year?
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Re-Analysing The Championship Duel

Warning! Long entry alert!

This entry was inspired by a question asked by Lonny at F1 Insight. He wondered if Felipe Massa would have been champion if his engine failures and pit lane problem in Singapore had been taken into account, irrespective of the stewarding against Hamilton. As promised, I decided to do the maths.

I started doing a reply and then realised that it was much too long to work as a comment.

The analysis is formatted with the cumulative points after each race title. The original one is given first, then the modified one. A corrected analysis of Singapore changed the results towards the end; while the original is left in for historical purposes, the latter number should be taken as the more accurate final points count. Hamilton's score is always given before Massa's.

The first number by each driver underneath the race titles is the number of points actually scored in that race. After that, there is a modifier to take into account the effects of mechanical failures, pit-stop gremlins, bad stewarding and the effects of all these on drivers who would otherwise have finished in a position affecting their points scores. An explanation of all modifiers is given in brackets.

I calculate the following fortune-correction for Massa and Hamilton:

Australia (10-0 becomes 10-2)

Hamilton 10 + 0 (easy victory)

Massa 0 + 2 (engine failure while in 7th)

Malaysia (14-0 becomes 16-2)

Hamilton 4 + 2 (lost 15 seconds in botched McLaren pit stop)

Massa 0 + 0 (spun off on his own accord)

Bahrain (14-10 becomes 16-12)

Hamilton 0 + 0 (he clouted Alonso himself)

Massa 10 + 0 (easy victory)

Spain (20-18 becomes 22-20)

Hamilton 6 + 0 (uneventful third)

Massa 8 + 0 (uneventful second)

Turkey (28-28 becomes 30-30)

Hamilton 8 + 0 (uneventful second)

Massa 10 + 0 (easy victory)

Monaco (38-34 becomes 40-36)

Hamilton 10 + 0 (non-controversial victory, apart from the crash that he was lucky to drive away from)

Massa 6 + 0 (equally non-controversial second or third, as Nick subsequently corrected me)

Canada (38-38 becomes 40-41)

Hamilton 0 + 0 (he crashed of his own accord)

Massa 4 + 1 (lost a pitstop worth of time due to not being fuelable in first stop, a drama missed due to Hamilton's collision, but Raikkonen would have been ahead of him were it not for being hit by Hamilton. Net gain of one point.)

France (38-48 becomes 40-49)

Hamilton 0 + 0 (the chicane-cut rule may be woolly, but none of the known official interpretations permit the first-lap chicane-cut Hamilton did)

Massa 10 - 2 (would have been second but for Raikkonen's exhaust problem)

Britain (48-48 becomes 50-49)

Hamilton 10 + 0 (he won without controversy)

Massa 0 + 0 (he did all his own spins)

Germany (58-54 becomes 60-55)

Hamilton 10 + 0 (he won despite a tactical error)

Massa 6 + 0 (uneventful third)

Hungary (62-54 becomes 63-65)

Hamilton 4 - 1 (would have lost a position if Massa's engine had held. The potential win was lost by his own error)

Massa 0 + 10 (lost victory due to an engine failure)

Europe (70-64 becomes 71-73)

Hamilton 8 + 2 (would have gained Massa's place had a correct penalty been awarded)

Massa 10 - 2 (would have lost a pitstop had he been penalised correctly for unsafe release)

Belgium (76-74 becomes 83-81)

Hamilton 6 + 4 (controversial chicane-cut; on strict interpretation no modification should occur, but on the wording of the interpretations used both before and after the incident, Hamilton had given the place back and waited until Raikkonen erred before going through)

Massa 10 - 2 (would have lost the win if Hamilton had been adjudged by convention accurately instead of a misinterpretation of a post-dated interpretation)

Italy (78-77 becomes 83-84)

Hamilton 2 - 2 (should have been penalised for a chicane-cut against Heidfeld)

Massa 3 + 0 (uneventful sixth)

Singapore (84-77 becomes 91-85 or 91-87)

Hamilton 6 + 2 (Rosberg only finished ahead due to a slow penalty issue)

Massa 0 + 1 [3]
Original analysis comment:(he should have come out about ten seconds ahead of Raikkonen, but Raikkonen himself was sixteenth after all that. Giving Massa ten seconds more only promoted him to tenth, which would have become eighth after Trulli's retirement and Fisichella's performance fading)

Updated analysis comment(he should have come out one stoppage period ahead of Sutil. This would have promoted him to eighth, which makes him sixth after Trulli and Fisichella are taken into account)

Japan (84-79 becomes 93-85 or 93-87)

Hamilton 0 + 2 (the Massa/Bourdais thing wouldn't have been enough in itself to promote him any places as he was too far behind. The collection of penalisable incidents would have raised him one position, but he needed three more to gain a place. However, he should not have been hit by Massa in the first place and did nothing to earn the penalty issued to him from that incident. 43 seconds lost there. This gives him a net position of 7th, just behind Bourdais)

Massa 2 - 2 (should have received the penalty Bourdais got for the crash between them. Also should have been penalised for causing an avoidable collision in addition to one for a chicane-skip and another one for using a sterile area to pass Webber)

China (94-87 becomes 103-93 or 103-95)

Hamilton 10 + 0 (easy victory)

Massa 8 + 0 (technically receiving the position back from Raikkonen is against the Regulations, but convention says that in this situation it's OK. If I am to say Hamilton should not have been penalised for Spa, then I should also say that Massa was correctly unpenalised for this irrespective of my feelings about team orders)

Brazil (98-97 becomes 107-103 or 107-105)

Hamilton 4 + 0 (uneventful fifth from the perspective of this analysis)

Massa 10 + 0 (easy win)

The conclusion is that the gap was three [one if the updated score is used] points smaller than it would have been with all reliability issues, stewarding mishaps and so on taken into account. It remains in Hamilton's favour.
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Analysis of the 2010 Sporting Regulations

Date: December 16 2009

Mood: Optimistically thoughtful (S)=:)

Currently: Reading the 2010 F1 Sporting Regulations


The FIA recently issued a brand-new version of the 2010 regulations. As such, I will be comparing this version of the document with the previous version and highlighting the changes. The fact that the FIA has not highlighted some of the alterations is annoying, but I will do my best.

Contents and Preamble


There is now a section on homologated parts, appended to the "Spare Parts, Gearboxes and Engines" section (Article 28).

The organisation agreement, rule changes, driver contract recognition bureau and cost cap regulations appendices have been removed. The latter will have gone because the Concorde Agreement was signed by all parties after the last version of the regulations was released. The organisation agreement and rule changes appendices also obsolete due to the Concorde Agreement. The CRB chapter never had anything shown in it, so removing it was probably a size-reduction exercise with no implications on the way that side of F1 is run.

The preamble no longer refers to Article 4 of the Sporting Regulations, instead invoking the Concorde Agreement.

Article 1


We no longer know when the FIA can make changes to the Sporting Regulations, these now forming part of the secret Concorde Agreement. This is slightly worrisome because if the FIA pulls a stunt like releasing a new version of the regulations a week before the first race, we won't be able to call them out for it with confidence. We will have to rely on the teams to know for certain... ...and since they missed several regulation changes within that late-changing document due to concentrating on the attempt to impose medals, I don't have a huge amount of faith in that route.

The regulations are now "published on the date below" which, when you think about it, makes more sense than re-typing the date into the text every time, given that the date of publication appears on the footer of every single page of the regulatory documents.

Article 2


There are no longer any exemptions for cost-regulated teams for the simple reason that the budget cap no longer exists.

Article 6


Article 6.3 now contains a provision concerning Listed Parts. These are the components of a car that define a constructor in the eyes of the FIA. It is OK to outsource these components as long as they are not used by any other teams. All references to intellectual property rights have been removed, meaning that a third party could design and build every part of the car - provided that they only allowed one team to use those parts. The Red Bull Technology/Paul White Racing trick (used by Red Bull and Honda respectively to allow whole cars to be used by two different teams - in the former case, simultaneously) is no longer possible.

The regulation change which has received the most attention so far is the points change in Article 6.4. Positions 1-4 and 7th place have had their points allocation multiplied by 2.5 and other positions in the top 8 also receive more points than before in order to extend the points system down to 10th. 5th and 6th become less valuable relative to 2009 while 8th-10th become more valuable (in the latter two positions' case, that was the point). It will still be trickier to score points in 2010 than in 2009 (40% of any given race entry list scored points each race in 2009, but only 38.4% will in 2010), but with six more cars on the grid something had to be done and this is probably the closest thing possible. It doesn't really change the status quo much, except for historians who have yet another statistical wrinkle to resolve.

Article 9


A very minor modification to refer to the Concorde Agreement instead of the obsolete arrangements in the previous Sporting Regulations for organisers of races.

Article 11


The FIA still retains the right to select an observer and a steward's advisor. Logically, this suggests that the former drivers Jean Todt has recently talked about will simply replace Alan Donnelly (apart from the chairman's role, which will now be held by one of the voting stewards), not perform some new role in the stewarding process.

Article 12


There is confirmation that whoever is the steward chairman will now have a vote.

Article 13


According to Article 13.1, entries into the 2011 championship will be accepted between 30 June and 15 July. This leaves a two-week window, just right for causing chaos if there is a stupid political situation. That said, the last few championship windows have been a bit... ...fluid, so this may change nearer to the time. Entry will cost the same (€309,000) for the 2011 season as it did for 2010, unless it is amended by the Concorde Agreement.

References to the year have been changed to refer to the date in the footer, thus saving whichever admin assistant types up these regulations some work in future years. This is a good thing.

According to Article 13.5, the F1 Commision, not the FIA, will decide if a team brings the sport into disrepute. This is presumably to allow the FIA to keep at arm's length from the impact of $100m fines and the like. It also proves that Jean Todt is serious about reviving the F1 Commision that Max Mosely allowed to wither away.

Article 16


If a driver has a penalty involving the pit lane issued within the last five laps of the race, the penalty now differs according to whether a drive-through or stop/go penalty was indicated. If it was a drive-through, then only 20 seconds instead of the previous 25 will be added. In practise, this makes the penalty lighter than if it had been issued in the race - possibly impetus for the stewards to make quicker decisions. However, stop/go penalties will now be 30 seconds (the new drive-through penalty plus 10 seconds), which is 5 seconds longer than before. Expect stewards to make greater use of stop/go penalties for bad behaviour penalised late in the race in order to discourage teams from deliberately waylaying penalties by asking for "clarification" or similar - or just plain discouraging drivers from behaving worse as the race goes on and the cut-off point approaches.

Article 16.4 means drivers may only drive for two laps before taking pit-lane-related penalties, not three. It is also specifically defined as "crossing the Line twice" rather than the slightly vaguer definition of "laps" and the prohibition on taking penalties under the Safety Car has been altered to reflect this. I think communication is just about good enough between driver and pit for this to work. It will also reduce the mitigation a driver can do by waiting until the last possible moment to take a penalty. Someone may get caught out at the start of the year though while everyone adjusts their thinking.

Article 19


Substitute drivers will have to take the engine and tyres allocated to the previous driver. I was under the impression that this was required in 2009 as well (and not just in the case of mid-race-weekend substitutions as already written in the regulations), but having it codified is no bad thing...

Article 22


Instead of three one-day driver tests, there will be one three-day driver test (which was what happened in 2009 in practise because the teams tested together in three adjacent days). The addition of "a site approved by the FIA for Formula 1 cars" is superflous becuase circuit testing (other varieties are covered under different parts of the Article) can only happen on FIA F1-approved sites - Article 22.1 e) is clear on that score.

In-season testing has been restricted but more options have been granted. Teams can choose between six straight-line/constant-radius corner tests, 24 hours of full-scale wind tunnel testing or a combination thereof (with 4 hours of full-scale wind tunnel testing in a 24-hour period being equivalent to one day of straight-line/constant-radius corner testing). Note that in 2009 full-scale wind tunnel testing was strictly forbidden. This reduces the effect of upgrades and will mean teams must plan carefully. Those who upgraded effectively in 2009 will do so even more effectively in 2010.

Article 22.1 c) has a new exception to it, which I would like to call "the Badoer rule". If a substitute driver is needed by a team and that driver hasn't raced in the last two years, that driver may do one day of circuit testing for familiarisation purposes. This test must be done at a track not hosting a round of F1 (so Silverstone and Barcelona are out, Fiorano and Jerez are in), it has to happen in a 28-day period around the first time where the substitution occurs (14 days before, 14 days after). Failing to make the substitution after declaring the test will result in one day of in-season testing being taken away from next year's allocation (what the FIA proposes to do about teams who break this rule and then quit F1 is unknown). In the specific case of the 2009 Ferrari, I'm not sure it would have been much help, but for easier-to-handle cars, it could save a lot of problems for rookies who are summoned to F1 under difficult circumstances.

Article 23


According to Article 23.1 a), Work in the fast lane is apparently forbidden if other cars could be impeded. The number of occasions when this could be invoked are limited, for work is only permitted in the fast lane in the build-up to a race start for those starting from the pit lane. I'd love to know what eventuality the FIA were trying to prevent with this that wasn't already prevented by some other part of the regulations.

Article 23.1 b) has changed a lot. All garage allocations must be equal, which the backmarker teams will love and the frontrunning ones will not (because someone must lose positions for equality to be achieved). All pit areas will be within a team's garage area, which I thought was always the case... ...maybe the FIA is attempting to prevent some sort of outlandish pit lane design or something.

No powered lifting devices are permitted in the pit lanes during races any more. This could cause a major problem if a driver needs a front wing changing because the standard lifting gear used by teams previously depended on either being able to use the front wing as a leverage point or power. Anyone in a first-corner bash may need to be taken into the garages for a front wing change, or else spend considerably longer having the change completed using manual labour. I can also see the mechanics at the front of the car in pit stops needing to increase their fitness training in case such a situation happens.

A driver who chooses to start from the pit lane by electing not to leave the pits until the 15 minutes are up, as opposed to one required to start there, for example because of a post-qualifying change of monocoque, would appear to now be exempt from 23.1 e). I say "appear" because without that regulation, such a driver would no longer be required to start from the pits! I suspect this was not the intention of the regulation, so don't be surprised to see the next amendment of the regulations iron out this flaw.

The requirement to release a car from a pit stop only when safe to do so has been moved to 23.1 j). I have no idea why.

Article 25


There is now a reference to the tendering process the FIA uses to select single tyre manufacturers.

Heating elements are permitted, but only if they heat the outer surface of the tyres (probably to prevent the heaters taking the form of whole-tyre boxes or heaters between the wheel hub and tyre).

Article 25.4 is written in such a way that races re-started under Article 42.5 a), in common with races started under the Safety Car, require all drivers to be on extreme wet-weather tyres. This should hopefully result in fewer problems when re-starting races under monsoon conditions (though it still won't help if the situation is like Malaysia 2009).

Interestingly, Article 25.5 prevents teams from using tyres on simulators, except for acquiring aero drag, tyre rolling resistance and purely vertical forces. Wheel rim producers are allowed to use F1 tyres solely to check their products work. I'm not sure how much of an effect this will have in practise - how easy would it be to collect extra data while the permitted data is being collected? Even if the teams aren't trying to collect that data?

Article 27


Tyre heating blankets are now permitted. This will be a relief to those who worried that the cars won't heat up their tyres correctly, especially given the large quantities of fuel that will be in the cars in 2010.

Article 28


The reference to fuel loads being free for anyone starting from the pits has been removed because the refuelling ban means it would make no difference to fuel load where a car is positioned on the grid - they'll all have just enough to complete the race.

Article 28.4 will make sure every engine replacement beyond the permitted eight is penalised. This gets round a proposed (but not acted upon) plan for Sebastian Vettel to take only one engine penalty by using engines 9 and 10 on the same Saturday. However, the proposed method (putting the second penalty for the next race) means such a plan could still be done at the final race of the season without penalty if the driver and team in question are not on the grid the next season (since I assume that if either were, the entity in question could take the penalty on the first race of next season).

Article 28.7 represents a significant change. It is only possible to have one survival cell, roll structure, impact structure, front and rear wheel design in a given year. These components are mostly safety devices that will reduce the workload the crash test centres and FIA beuracracy will have to deal with, but it means that any true monocoque design will effectively be fixed at the start of the year. I wonder about the possibility of making the aerodynamic parts a shell around the survival cell (and thus modifiable), but weight concerns would probably militate against that. This would prevent at least part of the McLaren upgrade that made them so powerful in the second half of the 2009 season.

Safety and reliability changes are permitted to all the components listed above at any time, so it is possible that some will shamelessly exploit the loophole. Adding "clear" into the sentence probably doesn't help, given that "clear" itself has multiple interpretations depending on who is looking at the situation.

Article 29


The refuelling article has changed substantially, as you'd expect given that refuelling (and removing fuel) between cars leaving the pits on race day and the moment the chequered flag is waved has been banned. When there isn't a race on, fuel can only be added or removed at a stately 800ml/second and the engine must be stopped when this is happening.

Article 34


Article 34.1 now permits fluids to be replaced in parc fermé, provided their specfic gravity is 1.1 or less. This is primarily to enable fuel to be added between qualifying and the race, thus allowing all qualifying sessions to be done on qualifying levels of fuel.

It will be compulsory for all cars to be covered with a FIA-sealed (but presumably team-provided) protective sheet after qualifying. This is instead of attempting to shoehorn 26 cars into the FIA garage for overnight parc fermé accommodation. Removal of the sheet may occur up to five hours before the race at each team's discretion.

Article 36


The reference to engine penalties has been amended to take into account a change of position of where engine penalties are described in Article 28. This has no material effect on the starting grid procedure.

Article 38


Article 38.4 has acquired a comma. This makes it grammatically incorrect because the comma is followed by the word "or", but makes no difference in the effect of the regulation.

Under Article 38.8, it is now possible to overtake another car if it's delayed anywhere on the lap, not just when it's slow off the line. This could be useful if a car has a technical problem, but I doubt it will be used very often. The car thus delayed has until the first safety car line (which is immediately before the pit entrance) to fully regain position, otherwise the driver must start from the pits. This won't help people who stall unless they get going before everyone passes them. The line used to determine what constitutes "everyone passes them" (1 metre ahead of pole position unless otherwise specified by that particular circuit) is now used for Article 42.6 as well as Article 40.15.

Article 38.11, which required pit lane starts for anyone moving when the one second light prior to the start of formation lap comes on or loses position on the formation lap, has been deleted. The "loses position on the formation lap" situation is covered by the re-write of Article 38.8 (which now gives such drivers more leeway), but it would appear that a driver can still be moving at the 1-second mark and not be penalised. This does not strike me as a good idea because having cars moving during a part of the procedure has resulted in dangerous situations. Particularly when the green lights come on and there are cars trying to slow down when others are speeding up...

Article 40


Article 40.7 has been changed in the light of Nico Rosberg's delta time in Japan 2009 being obscured by a "fuel low" message. While teams appear to still be allowed to overrule the delta time message, they do so at their own risk; it is explicitly stated that drivers must drive faster than the time given by the ECU until the safety car line is crossed for the first time.

There are some wording changes in Article 40.7 to make it clearer what is meant by a safety car period. Since it is from the "Safety Car Deployed" signs until the first safety car line after the safety car is called in (i.e. what the safety car period has meant ever since it was introduced), this makes no difference to the racing.

Article 40.11 has been highlighted as a change in Article number because lapped cars will no longer be permitted to overtake the safety car in a safety car period.  

The message put out when it's time for the safety car period to end is being changed to "SAFETY CAR IN THIS LAP". Once the sign is out, the lead driver may drop more than ten car lengths behind the safety car. In effect, they will assume part of the safety car's job on the final lap of the safety car period, even before the safety car pits. Erratic acceleration and braking is also specifically banned on restarts, which will alter most drivers' methodology when it comes to restarting near the front of a race. There's a general ban on behaviour which could endanger other competitors or the restart as well.

Article 40.14 makes it possible to restart races under the safety car as well as begin races that way, with minor wording modifications made to reflect this. This has been done before (Nurburgring 2007 springs to mind), but now the formal conditions for such an event are listed in Article 42.5 a). Such situations will now be communicated through the timing monitors. This is especially important because Article 25.4 requires all such restarts to be conducted with everyone on extreme wet-weather tyres and timing monitors are much more reliable than e-mail for communication (ask Ferrari in Japan 2007).

Article 41


Following the mess that was the failed attempt to restart the Malaysia 2009 race, Article 41.2 no longer uses the grid as last seen on the timing screens to decide who starts where. Instead, the grid slots will be filled in order of cars arriving back to the grid. Yes, this will mean lapped cars in the middle of the pack and similar potentially-chaotic elements, but at least it won't take 10 minutes to figure out where everyone should be parked.

The safety car will take restarts from the front of the grid, not just position itself behind the red flag line (as it would for a standing-start course inspection). Work is permitted on cars once they reach thr grid. In practise, all this is likely to mean is that the red flag line is going to be taken out of the vocabulary needed to understand the regulations.

References to work permitted in the fast lane have been excised. Therefore, all work between a race suspension and restart must occur in the team's pit garage area or on the grid. This will reduce the risk of impediments to cars attempting to leave the pits.

Article 42


Lapped cars between the safety car and the leader will be waved off to complete a lap at the two-minute mark, as opposed to the previous vague "some point after the three-minute mark".

Under Article 42.5 a), wet weather is now a legitimate reason for a safety car restart, provided that the race director feels a formation lap under the safety car is insufficient to make the course safe for normal racing.

Article 42 has been modified to change all instances of "red flag line" with "grid".

Appendix 2


The team entry form no longer has lines across it. I hope nobody filling in that form has bad handwriting, or the forms could get tricky to read...

Changes to any element of the team appearing on the entry form must now be submitted to the FIA within 7 days of the changes being made, to give the FIA the right to refuse further participation in the championship should such changes breach the Concorde Agreement. This would appear to reduce flexibility in teams, but whether it actually does would depend on the contents of the Concorde Agreement.

The information is the same as last version of the document except that references to cost-cap regulations have been removed. Therefore, if a team changes its owner, address, contact information, directors, team principal, team manager, authorised representatives, engine supplier or drivers during the season, the FIA must be informed in case action needs to be taken. I can see this having some minor benefits (for example, the FIA need never worry about having a wrong number again!) but the lack of transparency over what the FIA could legitimately object to is causing me worry concerning potential abuse of the system - perhaps unwarranted worry, but some nonetheless.

Appendix 4


Note that, although this isn't a change, that the FIA is still permitting KERS engine fittings. I'd need to consult the technical regulations to see whether a KERS may be connected to said fittings.

Conclusions

 

These regulation modifications are mostly minor in nature. There are a couple of glaring errors in there, but they're the sort that will probably be corrected before too long. I particularly like the new safety car and restart regulations, but am slightly worried about the new entry form. Still, a generally positive document.

Read More & Comment

2009 Season Review Podcast

I have completed a season review podcast for your listening pleasure. It's available to download for free at last.fm and consists of a team-by-team view of the events of the 2009 F1 season. The running time is 37:08, so it should keep you well-occupied.

 

Excerpts of this podcast appeared in the Sidepodcast 2009 Season Review Megamix, which is also recommended listening.

 

There is a transcript below:

 

La Canta Magnifico Blog Pod - December 2009 edition


Introduction - Brawn - Red Bull - McLaren - Ferrari - Toyota - BMW Sauber - Williams - Renault - Force India - Toro Rosso - The New Teams - Yucky Politics - Conclusions

Transcript

 

Introduction [0:00]


- Hello everyone! This is Alianora La Canta and you're listening to La Canta Magnifico Blog Pod, December 2009 edition.

- This is the 2009 F1 season review edition of my (very) occasional podcast. Excerpts of this podcast will appear as part of the Sidepodcast 2009 Megamix at www.sidepodcast.com, which I would encourage you to listen to because a number of my fellow commenters will be contributing their views as well.

- I will be going through how 2009 went team-by-team, finishing with some observations on the even-worse-than-usual political situation, miscellaneous stuff and some conclusions.

Brawn


- F1, like every other field of endeavour, has a core body of established truths, shaping expectations, defining the reasonable. Beyond Rule One ("Be Nice To Bernie and Whoever Is President Of the FIA"), the main ones are: "Money Always Wins", "If You Want To Be Champion, Start With a Winning Car and Team", "Only Someone People Think Can Be Champion Can Become Champion" and "Teams That Change Too Much Never Prosper"). Someone forgot to pass the memo to Ross Brawn and his friends at Brackley.

- At the start of the year, Brawn was ex-Honda. The Japanese manufacturer's board had taken one look at its November sales figures and pummeled the panic button with all its considerable might. Among a raft of other measures, it decided to jettison its remaining F1 team. This was a setback. The type from which most teams die and the surviving ones struggle.

- Five committed managers, including Ross Brawn and Nick Fry, didn't care about the odds of success. Together, they organised a management buyout of the ex-Honda team, arranged for Mercedes to power its cars and inspired the staff to make the BGP001 as good as possible. How they managed to succeed as well as they did will probably remain one of the greatest secrets of F1 this decade. Only the most faithful of Honda believers imagined that a pearl such as the BGP001 could emerge from the pigsty of withdrawal and redundancy. Edd Straw, Autosport's F1 editor said, "If you're tempted to interpret... ...Brawn GP's astonishing testing form as a sign that low-budget independent teams can now embarrass the big guns, think again". Even Ross Brawn limited himself to "We feel we have a good car and we hope we'll be respectable".

- The testing should have clued us into reality. As soon as Jenson Button came back from his first run in the car, they knew that had something special. Kind to its tyres and - despite the new restrictive aero regime - beautifully quick, the Brawn car suited both Button and Barrichello as they swapped their impending P45s for an unexpected championship challenge.

- Initially Jenson very much had the upper hand on his highly experienced team-mate and won six of the first seven races. Granted, one of those races was Malaysia and a bit on the short side, but the only significant error he made in that phase of the season was at Monaco. Jubilant in victory at this most challenging of circuits, Jenson went down the pitlane, parked in parc fermé and started celebrating. There was just one problem. Monaco is quirky. One of its many quirks is that the top three drivers are supposed to park at the end of the straight by the Royal Box. So Jenson put his triathlon training to good use and ran down the main straight, grinning and waving, bringing a little showmanship to a finishing procedure usually noted for its ritualistic sameness.

- Soon, however, Rubens came back. His first few races had seen brilliance interspersed with strange errors, such as bad starts in Australia and pretty much going AWOL in Turkey. However, he scored an impressive number of points regardless and in the second half of the season, started taking victories. Indeed, the championship eventually boiled down to whether Rubens could wear down Jenson's lead enough in the last two rounds to take the driver's championship. By this stage, most people were paying little attention to the Constructor's title... ...because Brawn were virtually assured it by then, barring disaster. Getting four 1-2s (in Australia, Spain, Monaco and Italy) and multiple points every single race tends to help somewhat! Jenson took the championship in considerable style by attacking hard and overtaking plenty of people - and the victory celebrations were massive. I'm sure Edd Straw didn't mind being slightly wrong by this point...

- At the end of the year, a controlling stake in Brawn was purchased by Mercedes and the team renamed in their honour. As a result, Brawn are not only "respectable", they're proportionally the Best. F1. Team. Ever. One season, one Constructor's title. One Driver's title, One delighted team, One rejuevenated F1. 100% brilliant.

Red Bull


- This time last year, Red Bull was considered a midfielder with a young charger yet to prove himself in a big team and an experienced driver with a seriously broken leg. Despite this inauspicious start, it made an excellent account of itself in 2009.

- The RB5 was innovative. Lacking a double diffuser and KERS, it was able to completely re-vision the concept of rear aerodynamics, incorporating the first pushrod suspension for over 15 years and tighter packaging than had ever been seen on a F1 car before. This gave it a completely different array of strengths and weaknesses to everyone else - except Toro Rosso, which continued to use a Red Bull with a different engine supplier.

- Some people thought Sebastian Vettel's effervescent energy would wipe the floor with Mark Webber, while others held that Mark's qualifying pace and team knowledge would give him a massive edge. Instead, each proved to be the best thing that could have happened to the career of the other. They pushed each other to higher performances all season and both emerged with enhanced reputations. Sebastian was the first of the two to make their championship claim clear, by losing a podium in a collision with Robert Kubica in Australia, blaming himself for it even though some of the blame clearly belonged with Robert, and getting himself a 10-place grid penalty for it. However it was Mark who opened Red Bull's points account by coming 6th in Malaysia. Then Red Bull scored a perfect 18 in China, Mark following Sebastian home.

- The next few races were iffier, the low point being Monaco when Mark got 5th and Sebastian got too close to the St. Devote wall. Many have done it before and many will do it again, but that didn't cheer Sebastian up. The engine situation certainly didn't help either - by this point two of Sebastian's eight engines were shrapnel, another two had been used extensively and there were still 11 races to go. Mark also had engine worries later in the season, but he never had to engage in the engine juggling act to the extent that Sebastian did. That neither Red Bull driver got a penalty for using a ninth engine can be attributed to brilliant damage-limitation-orientated engine management in the second half of the season.

- Then the cold races came. Brawn, Red Bull's rival for the championship, had serious problems warming tyres up in cold conditions, which meant that Red Bull had a prime chance to catch up with the upstarts. Sebastian and Mark strolled to victory in Silverstone. Mark took his maiden win in Germany, which was particularly unexpected given that he'd received a drive-through penalty for his start-line antics. Sebastian followed him over the line, which combined with Brawn scoring fewer than half of Red Bull's points in those two races, meant that the championship battle was well and truly joined.

- Unfortunately, the remaining European races were marred with difficulties. Sebastian didn't finish in Hungary or Valencia, while Mark had a string of five non-points finishes in a row - two 9ths in Valencia and Belgium, followed by DNFs in Italy and Singapore. At least this time the latter DNF didn't involve any trams (though let's face it, total brake failure is bad enough)... Oh, and 17th in Japan didn't help Mark's cause either.

- By Brazil, Sebastian was Red Bull's only chance at a Driver's Championship and the Constructor's title looked virtually impossible. Not, in other words, the best race for Sebastian to have a lousy qualifying and spend the race struggling to fourth. Mark won the race, but the joy of Button and Brawn means many people probably didn't notice an excellent drive at the front. Red Bull finished the year in style, with a 1-2 in Abu Dhabi (this time with Sebastian in front). To nobody's surprise, both drivers were retained! 2010 looks very, very good for Red Bull.

McLaren


- When the year began for McLaren, it was with a new team principal in charge. Martin Whitmarsh had taken over the reins from Ron Dennis, following nearly 20 years as his faithful right-hand man. Nobody expected that transition to pose any problems and they were right. It was the transition to new regulations that stymied the Silver Arrows.

- The McLaren was a brilliantly bold concept, differing massively from all its rivals. However, it was beset with aerodynamic problems from the outset and even reigning champion Lewis Hamilton struggled for most of the first half of the season. The one time Lewis' car was right, his tongue was wrong. In Australia, Lewis nearly made the podium despite his recalcitrant car. He would have stayed there except that he claimed to the stewards that Jarno Trulli had passed him under the safety car. When the truth emerged - that Lewis had needlessly let Jarno through after the Toyota driver went off - Lewis was disqualified. Oops.

- The lowest ebb was Britain, where neither McLaren made it into the top 14. Even there, Lewis drew attention to himself, but this time the reason was good - in defiance of a sad no-doughnut rule, he pirouetted his car for the benefit of the fans who'd come to support him.

- Things got better though - McLaren eventually figured out what they were doing wrong with their aero and took steps to sort it out. Lewis ended up with two victories in Hungary and Singapore, victories that nobody would have dared predict in Britain. In fact Hungary and the following race in Valencia were McLaren's best races of the season, providing 27 points between them.

- Heikki Kovalainen seemed a bit... ...invisible during the season. He wasn't terrible, but he never quite got on top of the car. He never drew any attention to himself or his struggles either and some drives - Valencia's 4th place in particular - were quietly impressive. However, his total lack of podiums meant that he was removed from McLaren's line-up by season's end. Like many drivers at the time of recording, his future is unclear.

- Also unclear is what McLaren were thinking when they hired the new world champion to work with his predecesor. Jenson Button and Lewis Hamilton could make an interesting duo for all the wrong reasons if McLaren isn't careful.

Ferrari


- Ferrari started the season resolving to make amends for losing out on the 2008 driver's championship. The attempt did not go well. In the beginning, its KERS was more of a hindrance than a help (who can forget Kimi escaping a heavily-smoking car after an aborted quali lap in Malaysia?), but the attempts to resolve it covered up more fundamental problems - the team had a quite different understanding of the regulations to the likes of Brawn. Worse, the gearbox casing hampered the introduction of the double diffuser when it was confirmed to be legal.

- Kimi Raikkonen was the better qualifier but sank without trace in too many races. Felipe Massa might have started lower more often than not, but he tended to rise through the ranks. Neither, however, were helped by tactical errors such as both drivers dropping out of qualifying early because Ferrari thought they'd done enough to get through (despite the blatantly obvious compression of the grid in 2009) and being brought in to take on wet tyres on a dry track. Occasionally, there were signs of panic, the most memorable being Felipe's somewhat frenzied call for a white visor on the re-start grid in Malaysia, which was ironic since it turned out he'd done all his driving for the day - and prompted his race enginner, Rob Smedley, giving the inspiration for Mrs. C's "Felipe Baby" song.

- Even so, it was Kimi who scored Ferrari's first three points of the season in Bahrain. Massa did the same in Spain and things were looking up. Both managed a podium in the first ten races, Kimi's in Monaco and Felipe's in Germany.

- Two things occurred within a fortnight of each other to completely derail Ferrari's season. Firstly, it stopped developing its car after Germany. Then, Massa's head came into sharp contact with a spring from Barrichello's car during Q2 in Hungary. Felipe had been the lead points-scorer up to that point and was very popular in Ferrari. Kimi, whose main strength is to stay strong whatever happens around him, claimed 2nd in the race, a much-needed fillip given what had just happened... ...and what was to come.

- Ferrari's third driver was Luca Badoer and he duly stepped up to the challenge of aiding Ferrari's progress in Valencia. Little was expected of him because he hadn't raced in F1 for nearly a decade, nor had he tested the 2009 Ferrari. So when Luca was last in both Valencia and Spa, nobody was surprised. What did surprise was the margin (he was 45 seconds behind penultimate-placed Kazuki Nakajima) and the sheer number of errors (especially since he finished every race he was in and didn't do any serious damage to his car). Not many drivers manage to get four pit lane speeding penalties on the same day (Friday in Valencia), nor is it common for them to crash into other cars in parc fermé (Adrian Sutil once again having reason to curse the Force India/Ferrari affinity). He was also the only driver on the 2009 grid never to qualify above 20th position (admittedly having only two attempts to do so) despite Spa's grid being somewhat topsy-turvy. 

- There was no way someone performing that badly was going to get an invite to race car 3 at Monza... Luckily for Ferrari, it does have a certain charisma and magnetism which can be very powerful. So powerful that when Kimi couldn't shake Giancarlo Fisichella off his gearbox at Spa, Ferrari made Giancarlo an offer he couldn't refuse - and the offer was powerful enough that Vijay Mallya allowed Giancarlo to be released. It was an incredibly joyous day, and Giancarlo proved to be considerably faster and less error-prone than Luca. However, it wasn't enough to enable him to score points. Kimi scored a podium at Monza, came fourth in Japan but otherwise struggled as the effects of Ferrari's development stoppage struck hard. Ferrari was simply trying to get to the end of the year and was concentrating on the future.

- Fernando Alonso joins Felipe for 2010 after a scruffily-handled abandonment of Kimi. With Giancarlo as third driver and a clutch of other drivers signed to the Scuderia in one capacity or another, it's high time Ferrari sorted its car out if it wishes to have a happier 2010 than it did 2009.

Toyota


- The invisible team of F1 was slightly more visible this year. Not visible enough for some, though, because the Toyota board demanded its first F1 win at the start of the year or else.

- The Toyota released was remarkable for looking like it belonged to the same year as the other cars on the grid. It even had a double diffuser! The aero was a bit strange and the results slightly inconsistent, but nothing to stop the team from getting its promised first win, right?

- Three top-four positions and a pole for Jarno Trulli, along with a podium for Timo Glock, in the first four races seemed to underline Toyota's strength. Unfortunately most of Toyota's testing had been in Bahrain, leaving it with a hitherto-unknown weakness at European rounds... ...which still figure large in the F1 calender. Just to make it worse, the planned upgrade package in Spain made the car even slower and was never seen again. In Monaco, Toyota had the slowest car of all and several other rounds were nothing to write home about. However both drivers pressed on regardless and a steady stream of minor placings resulted.

- Once the F1 circus left Europe, performance improved again. Both Toyota drivers netted a 2nd place; Glock in Singapore and Trulli in Japan. However, the storm clouds were gathering and Toyota's maiden win looked unlikely to come in 2009. The writing was on the wall, clear for all to read. Perhaps this was why Jarno reacted so badly to miscalculating Adrian Sutil's position, leading to both drivers (plus an innocent Fernando Alonso) exiting the race, Jarno having an uncharacteristically energetic rant at Adrian and getting fined for being too busy ranting to leave the track. Not the PR boost Toyota required at this point...

- Having said that, Toyota was getting more positive PR by then from its super-sub, Kamui Kobayashi. He raced in the last two races of the season after Timo Glock had a dreadful crash in the chaotic Japanese GP qualifying, cracking two vertebrae in the process. This was a serious problem for Toyota's ambitions, since their third driver was a rookie with virtually no experience of the car. Little was expected of Kamui, but what he lacked in points-scoring he more than made up for in style. In both the Brazillian and Abu Dhabi Grands Prix, Kamui showed great skill in duels with Button. Less impressive was his collision with compatriot Kazuki Nakajima in Brazil, but the raw material for a good F1 racer is definitely there.

- Timo Glock is the only one of the three Toyota drivers who knows where he's going next season, with a ticket to Manor GP. Jarno and Kamui face more uncertain times, partly because the Toyota board decided after the season that F1 was no longer worthy of their attentions. It tried to sell the F1 team without success (though a bunch of Serbians called Stefan GP were rumoured to have bought the entry) and relinquished the entry to the FIA. This will cost Toyota a lot of money for breaking the Concorde Agreement - but does F1 really want a team that isn't interested in F1 and is only there because its presence has been compelled?

- In the end, poor strategy in Bahrain probably cost Toyota the vital win it needed to survive. This could be traced back to Toyota being the ultimate triumph of beauracracy over practicality, a philosophy that worked brilliantly for the road car division but is inappropriate for motorsport. It led to the team being invisible - and now vanished.

BMW Sauber


- BMW Sauber was planning on winning the title in 2009. In 2010 it isn't planning on defending its title and not just because it didn't get one...

- How did this about-turn happen? After all, BMW abandoned a good 2008 car mid-season against Robert Kubica's protests to pour resources into its 2009 challenger. The answer is simple - it went the wrong direction. Placing too much emphasis on KERS, to the point where it was the only team wanting to introduce the technology in 2009. The rest of the car was not particularly good and both drivers could frequently be heard to complain over the radios. With good reason.

- In the end, BMW only used its KERS for four races (and only once on Kubica's car). One of them was Malaysia, where Heidfeld's second place owed more to the weather conditions and the ability to endure with intermediate tyres than new technology. However, Bahrain was a terrible race for the BMW Sauber pair (netting the last two positions) and the season never really recovered. Nothing of note happened to BMW after Bahrain until June.

- FOTA and the FIA were busy fighting over budget caps and Concorde Agreements. However, BMW's board voted not to bother signing the Agreement, deciding that F1 on any timescale other than their own was unworthy of their efforts and finances. They doubted F1's effectiveness, environmental initiatives and leadership and put the team up for sale. It was almost bought by Qadbak, a mysterious group of Middle Eastern corporate interests headed by a convicted fraudster - 24 hours after the deadline for signing the Concorde Agreement passed. Qadbak hung around long enough to worry a lot of people before BMW sold the team (properly this time) to Peter Sauber, who founded the team and owned it until the end of 2005. The sale is subject to the team getting a place on the grid, and one hopes the FIA will see sense in this regard. After all, teams have left since BMW...

- Meanwhile, there was a season to get over and done with. Belgium proved to be a sweet spot for BMW Sauber, with Robert and Nick finishing 4th and 5th. Then Robert managed 2nd in Brazil. It was all too late however and Nick out-scored his Renault-bound team-mate.

- There is a beautiful irony in Peter Sauber returning to F1. When interviewed alongside Paul Stoddart for F1 Racing's December 2005 edition, Peter said he wouldn't return to the pitwall while Paul was adamant he would. Yet Peter got back to the pitwall first. Many, many people will be pleased to see his honest, respectful self back in the paddock. For one thing, he won't disappear if his timetable needs changing...

Williams


- Williams had been treading water for some time by the start of 2009. By the end they were treading water more comfortably.

- Hit by the credit crunch harder than any other team, the oldest privateer team in F1 had to do something brilliant to prevent a medium-term sinking into irrelevance and possible closure. Team leader Nico Rosberg was getting impatient at the lack of progress and Kazuki Nakajima needed a strong year to shake off the notion that only Toyota engines kept him in position.

- Williams had started its 2009 design early and had a double diffuser in launch spec. However, it was a car blessed with greater consistency than pace. As a result, there were no headline-grabbing results, but Nico was able to get minor points almost as he pleased. He was especially good at street circuits and a clear asset to the team. Unfortunately, 34.5 points wasn't enough to convince Nico to stay, so he went to Mercedes at the end of the year.

- Kazuki made Heikki Kovalainen look like an amateur when it came to on-track invisibility and worse still, didn't score a single point. Four retirements in the first six races may have knocked Kazuki's confidence, but F1 doesn't do second chances very often. Even with three new teams on the grid, it's difficult to see a F1 future for Kazuki.

- Williams, on the other hand, looks like having a good future. It's hung on through the expensive manufacturer years and is likely to be the best privateer team in 2010, especially with a line-up involving Rubens Barrichello (3rd in the championship this year) and Nico Hulkenburg (winner of nearly every junior series prize going).

Renault


- Ugh. Just... ...ugh. You don't want to know how bad Renault's season was - the next section starts in a minute or so...

- OK... ...you're still curious? Here are the ugly details: The R29 came out looking even worse than the previous version of the Renault paint job. The nose was wide and ugly. It also came bearing an engine that the FIA have allowed to be retuned, which made a nonsense of the whole "engine freeze" concept - an ugly bit of politics. Nobody could quite work out why Nelson Piquet Jr. was still on board, but it was hoped that Fernando Alonso could bring his best form to Renault and help lift them from the mess. It didn't work.

- Renault discovered early on that its KERS wasn't worth the time spent in development because it made the handling unpredictable. It's not much use having all that extra power if it stops the car going in the right direction. Furthermore, it was short on downforce and the team never really got on top of that particular problem. The double diffuser issue caught Renault by surprise too - they'd asked the wrong question to Charlie Whiting the previous year, assumed the double diffuser was illegal and then found their car was difficult to change to a double-diffuser version when they were proven wrong.

- Fernando tried hard, but couldn't get the machine he'd been lumbered with to work at most circuits. Three fifth places (in Australia, Spain and Italy) and a podium in Singapore were all that were possible. In fact, he was probably the only member of the Renault staff with any pleasant memories of Singapore 2009.

- The previous year, Fernando had won after Nelson crashed at Turn 17. Initially the FIA let it pass, possibly because Nelson had proved so adept at crashing that having yet another in the middle of a race wasn't so strange. Nelson proved to be a slow learner, crashing frequently in 2009 even though he was reminded frequently by Flavio that his job was on the line. He managed to outqualify Fernando once though... ...but by Hungary, Flavio had tired of him. No sooner had Nelson been sacked than he started whingeing. It turned out that his Singaporean crash was a deliberate Nelsinho Defence, with the result that Flavio Briatore and Pat Symonds were dragged out of F1 with him for their roles in the shambles. A complete embarrassment to F1 and an incident that made a complete mockery of sporting values. The perpetrators received a lot of flak for their actions and rightly so.

- And just when Renault started getting struck by sponsor withdrawals as a result... ...replacement driver Romain Grosjean crashed at the newly-nicknamed "Piquet Corner". We didn't know whether to laugh, cry or facepalm...

- It has to be said that Romain was pretty quick, but he had one small problem - a near-magnetic attraction to run-off areas and walls. This meant his talent never shone particularly clearly and it could make his stint in F1 rather short.

- Bob Bell did a good job of stabilising the ship after the Nesinho Defence, but like Ferrari the team just wanted 2009 to be over. Unfortunately there are signs that the Renault board might want the F1 adventure to be over - an ugly end to a team that took two world championships and showed Michael Schumacher and Ferrari were not invulnerable.

Force India


- Force India should be very proud of their achievements in 2009. At the start of the year, its aim was to score a point in 2009 and get a podium at the inaugural Indian Grand Prix in 2011. By the end of 2009, it had 13 points and a podium, its best result since 2003 (when the Silverstone team was still called Jordan).

- Vijay Mallya had decided that the team needed more direct influence, sacked technical director Mike Gascoyne and arranged for a five-year multi-component partnership from Mercedes. Removing Mike seemed like a mistake because of his ability to fix technical problems - of which the VJM01 had many - but it was necessary because of the tension between him and Colin Kolles (who left the team at the end of 2009). However, the car had been designed and built in 109 days - less time than the Brawn - which did not seem particularly auspicious. Emphasis had been placed on under-car airflow and on reducing the enormous drag the VJM01 possessed. By Bahrain the car sported a double diffuser and, unlike most teams, every upgrade placed on the car was a significant improvement on before.

- Force India started the season much as they finished the 2008 season - occasionally showing fairly well when strategy allowed but generally managing to throw points away in the most frustrating ways possible. Both drivers could have scored in Australia, but Adrian Sutil's front wing got broken in the traditional first-corner pile-up and Giancarlo Fisichella forgot where his pit was (don't ask). Then Adrian could have scored in China if he hadn't spun off six laps from the end of the race (Nick Heidfeld, whose tyre got punctured by Adrian's debris, probably shared my frustration). The biggest problem though was Q1 - it took until Monaco for the duo to escape its clutches and it is very difficult to have a points-scoring race from 16th.

- Monaco was the race where both Giancarlo and Adrian managed to get into Q2. It was very nearly the site of Force India's first point as well, for Giancarlo was only denied 8th place because Sebastién Bourdais cut the Swimming Pool chicane twice and wasn't penalised. There is no doubt in my mind those chicane-cuts were purely because Le Seb was under extreme pressure, but that still left Force India searching. An upgrade package at Silverstone helped matters, when despite the two Force India drivers managing to crash in the pitlane at the end of Friday practise, Giancarlo still managed to string enough of a weekend together to come 10th. Then Adrian lost the possibility of major points in Germany to a collision with Kimi Raikkonen. The Force India/Ferrari affinity was not doing either party much good at this point!

- However, Force India's fortunes were soon to turn dramatically. There were three main reasons for this. In Valencia, the third and most significant of Force India's upgrade packages was installed on the car. This gave it the race it needed to bed in the developments before reaching the two lowest-downforce tracks on the calender. Finally, Giancarlo was on spectacular form. Whether this was due to knowing the car was faster, the rumours that Luca Badoer was about to be replaced or running over a rabbit in final practise at Spa is unknown. What is known is that he got the most unexpected pole of the season and might have won the Belgian Grand Prix had Raikkonen not passed him with the help of a Safety Car. As it was, Giancarlo came second and pundits spent quite some time scratching their heads as to how this was possible.

- Five days later, Giancarlo swapped teams to Ferrari and test driver Tonio Liuzzi got promoted in his place. Both Adrian and Tonio were looking good for a podium, but Tonio's driveshaft blew up and Adrian's final pitstop went even more badly wrong than Kimi's. The final few races were considerably quieter apart from Brazil, where Adrian qualified third and then got a very public lecture for daring to challenge Jarno Trulli. 

- Adrian Sutil and Tonio Liuzzi ended up getting recalled for the 2010 season. It seems a smart move on the part of both Force India and the drivers concerned, given their respective performances. This is a team going places.

Toro Rosso


- Scuderia Toro Rosso had a very quiet 2009 season, aided and abetted by being the only team initially fielding a driver pairing without a previous podium between them and the only team on the 2009 grid worrying about simultaneously upgrading to constructor status in 2010.

- Sebastian Vettel, its star, had left to join sister team Red Bull, leaving Sebastién Olivier Bourdais and Sebastien Olivier Buemi as the Toro Rosso racers. Things might have gone better had Bourdais and the STR4 ever gelled. He scored a point in Australia and Monaco (the latter despite coming under extreme pressure from Giancarlo Fisichella), but often his performance would be lost in complaints about oversteer and his team-mate's increasing stature at the team. Buemi scored two points on his debut and managed another one in China, quickly demonstrating his prowess. However, Toro Rosso didn't score another point until Brazil due to their car-engine-driver combination being the slowest in F1. Since the field spread including Toro Rosso rarely exceeded two seconds in 2009, this was still no mean feat. However the team probably hoped for more.

- It had certainly hoped for more from Bourdais, who clearly knew he was on the way out when he retired from the Hungarian Grand Prix and hugged his race engineer in a way that clearly suggested that he did not expect to see him again. He was right - Le Seb was replaced during the summer break by Not Seb (more commonly known as Jaime Alguersuari). He looked good except when he was crashing. Unfortunately he tended to crash at all the worst moments for his own PR, notably bringing out the Safety Car in Japan immediately after complaining that Rubens Barrichello, of all people, was holding him up. One wonders how quickly he would have crashed if Rubens had not been in the vicinity to slow him down.

- Toro Rosso had the wisdom to recognise that inexperienced drivers will make mistakes and that there is some good raw material in its Sebastien-Jaime pairing. They will therefore be racing together in 2010 while everything else changes around them.

The New Teams


- Five new teams will be joining the ranks in 2010, subject to finances and the other obstacles every new team faces upon entry into F1. Naturally, all of them were quite busy in 2009. 

- Virgin GP (neé Manor GP) will be my local team in 2010, based two train stations away from my house. They seem to be making good progress towards being on the grid in 2010. Having experienced F3 team owner John Booth as a boss and hiring talented Toyota pilot Timo Glock is also a good move. The plan to use only CFD in the car design is bold but risky and splitting efforts across three sites could cause logistical problems, but other than that it looks like a very strong new team.

- USF1, led by journalist and sometime Williams team manager Peter Windsor and Kevin Kalhoven, is supposed to be America's answer to Force India. In line with its counterpart, it is strongly rumoured to have at least one driver (José Maria Lopez) who is not from the United States. There have been worries about whether it will make it to the grid, but the team claims to have all the right equipment and have started a mass hiring spree - let's hope they're right.

- Campos GP is headed by Adrian Campos, is evaluating Spanish drivers and has already crash-tested a chassis. It will surely have a brace of cars on the grid, but they are developing very quietly so assessing their true strength at this stage is nearly impossible.

- Lotus (neé Litespeed) took BMW's spot on the team roster. Led by Mike Gascoyne, the team has located many of its resources in Malaysia while also having a base in Norfolk. That could be quite a management challenge. They've hired at least one driver without revealing who. The one driver whose identity is known is Alex Yoong... ...but please don't panic because he won't actually be driving the car. Instead he will head the team's driver development programme. This seems rather ambitious for a new team, but it does suggest that all its problems are small ones.

- Sauber (neé Sauber, previously known as BMW) took Toyota's spot on the team roster. The line-up will be familiar to anyone who watched F1 in 2005; the team boss is the quiet-but-savvy Peter Sauber, most of the staff have been at the Hinwil base since the year dot and it's even possible that previous Sauber drivers Nick Heidfeld and Giancarlo Fisichella could be reprising race roles for the team. This is one piece of history a lot of people are delighted to see return.

Yucky Politics


- You may be wondering why we are having so many new teams at a time in F1, when the last time multiple teams got into F1 simultaneously was Stewart (now Red Bull via Jaguar) and Lola (now a junior-team supplier via a two-day stint in F1) in 1997. The short answer? Yucky politics. The long answer will take some elaboration.

- Firstly, some background. Max Mosley had managed to annoy the teams and manufacturers for years, exhorting the teams to cut costs on one hand and making barrages of expensive regulation changes on the other. Things came to a head when the FIA released three regulation documents for the 2009 season in the first three months of 2009. The last of these, twelve days before the season was due to start, exchanged the points system for a combination of points and medals. Bernie mistakenly thought that this would encourage overtaking. He also mistakenly thought the teams had agreed. In the ensuing argument, the FIA and Bernie were forced to back down and take out the medals clause - but the FIA kept all the other changes in place.

- Bernie stuck his oar into race timings as well, insisting that Australia and Malaysia have races finishing at sunset. Australia got away with it... ...but Malaysia didn't. While the rain siled down and Kimi Raikkonen ate ice cream, there was plenty of time to ponder the wisdom of ignoring local advice to avoid holding races in the middle of a near-guaranteed monsoon...

- Things like these, alongside the economic downturn, meant that boards were looking at F1 in a new way. Matters came to a head in May, when Max Mosley attempted to introduce budget caps by giving teams taking a €30m budget a series of minor technical advantages. The big problem was that such a system would have mandated cheating, accusations of cheating and inadvertant mistakes as exchange rates and accounting methods shifted. However, the teams ignored this in favour of arguing that they were fed up of being told what they could and could not do. After a lot of arguing, a breakaway series was threatened. In the face of a united band of teams, the FIA was forced to back down, especially once the teams agreed a set of resource restrictions.

- Williams and Force India were obliged to break the unity and found themselves outside the team's union for a while, but have since returned to the fold (though Williams has still been spotted complaining). Max's attempts to use them as a wedge to split the other teams not only failed, but was part of the reason why the settlement with the F1 teams included a requirement for him to abandon the presidency in October. BMW refused to sign the Concorde Agreement and decided that the argument-fest was a worse investment than movie product placement - leaving the team in a bit of a mess.

- The one good thing about all the strong-arm tactics was that Max allowed 13 teams on the grid. There turned out to be a lot of takers, which were whittled down in a less-than-transparent manner. So opaque that N.Technology and Stefan Grand Prix sued the FIA in the French and EU courts respectively for having a hidden requirement to use Cosworth engines for the new teams. N. Technology lost its case but Stefan Grand Prix's continues. The lucky teams were Virgin GP, USF1 and Campos.

- Max still found time to be involved in incidents removing two of his enemies from F1. It's unclear how much involvement he had in McLaren's lying incident in Australia, but it may not be entirely coincidence that Ron left for the road car side of McLaren immediately afterwards. There was no coincidence whatsoever about Max's involvement in Flavio's removal from F1 - after the WMSC decided that Flavio Briatore had been a co-conspirator in the Nelsinho Defence, Max had no hesitation in giving Flavio a lifetime ban from motorsport. The case is currently being appealed in the French courts.

- Two candidates stood for election to replace the President. Jean Todt had the weight of the establishment behind him while Ari Vantenen was the people's choice. However the people don't get a vote in the FIA Presidential election and Ari's campaign was basically sunk by Max Mosley's negative campaigning. Ari was forced to fire back while Jean stayed quiet in the background and sailed to victory. Thankfully he's proved a much less biased President than initally feared and has yet to show a trace of power-drunkenness. If he keeps this up, he may yet become the best FIA President in its history.

- The annual circuit yowling match between Bernie and his victims... ...er, circuit organisers of choice continued. It took nearly all year for Bernie to arrange moves to Canada and Silverstone that were sufficiently renumerative to him. Donington's attempt to hold a Grand Prix ended when Simon Gillet couldn't get the money to fund his idea and the organiser went into administration.

Conclusions


- So another F1 year ends - a chaotic though very enjoyable season overall. Thank you for listening, Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!

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